Encryption Will Save Us All!
Thursday, March 5, 2009 at 4:13PM A few people I have spoken to have had misunderstanding about different kinds of encryption and what they provide. This is aimed to be a quick and dirty overview of three different kinds of encryption methods, full disk, home directory and container type encryption.
Methods
Full disk encryption is were the whole disk (normally excluding a small decryption program) is encrypted. This kind of security is good at stopping someone from reading or writing data to the disk when the system to not running (when it's in the protected state). Full disk encryption could be used to stop one operating system reading data from another operating systems hard drive when dual booting.
Home directory encryption is where all of your user data and documents are encrypted, the rest of the system (including programs and configurations) are not protected. When the users are logged in to the system their home directory would have to be decrypted so that you can use it, this would also mean that your data is at the mercy at the system permissions and anyone with root access.
The container based encryption is generally a file that contains a filesystem. To access the data in the container you would have to enter your password/key when you need to access the data and the container file would be mounted as a normal storage device. The software that is used to mount the file then handles the encryption/decryption process on the fly so that an unencrypted file is not written to disk.
Attack Window
With full disk encryption a compromise of a running system through a network service or by the user installing malware would give the intruder full access only limited by user permissions. In other words if they get root/admin access to a system its game over, Full disk encryption wouldn't stop any data from being taken or modified. In other words once the system is started and the drive is decrypted it should be thought of as if there is no protection. Full disk encryption only protects data when the disk is not being used (i.e. the system powered off).
With the home directory kind of encryption is a middle ground where the important stuff (your data) is safe when the system is turned off or you're not logged in. Home directory encryption would also have the benefit that other users would have their home directories encrypted as well, so you couldn't see in their home directory and they couldn't see in yours if they where not logged in even if you had full system permissions.
The container based encryption would only be mounted when you need to access your data. So if your system was compromised and the container was not mounted none of the data would have been compromised (unless they brake the encryption).
Performance
Full disk encryption can have a massive impact on disk and cpu performance since all the data (and programs) has to be decrypted when being read from the disk and encrypted when being written to disk. Very painful for systems with high disk input/output and the need for unattended system boots (due to boot time password)
As home directory encryption is a middle ground between full disk encryption and the container type encryption the performance would also be somewhere in the middle.
Container encryption has the least performance hit because it's only encrypting/decrypting a relatively small amount of data compared to the other methods and is not always active.
Encryption in Security 
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